Background : Currently the practice of liver transplantation in Muslim societies is urgent. Transplantation, especially organ donation for liver transplantation is necessary to human life. Therefore, the need and the demand for liver transplantation are increasing all over the world Muslims. This study aims to describe the challenge and opportunity of liver transplantation practice dealing with religion discourses in Muslim countries. The author analyzed the fatwas of Islamic scholar (the Mufti/cleric) and the attitudes of the Muslim societies in responding to the fatwa of Mufti about liver transplantation practices and organ donations

Methods : This research used literature review where the author conducted particular topic about history and situation of liver transplantation in Islamic countries. To complement the existing data, the authors search information from previous studies through both journal articles and book references.

Results : The result of this study has found that there was ambivalence within discourses of transplantation and organ donation in the world of Islamic countries. Religious institutions have supported people to help others through the spirit of Islamic altruism. Conversely, religious beliefs have restricted the practice of transplantation. Religion has played an important role in the struggle for transplant practice by providing a set of rules regarding organ donation and providing psychological support to its followers for organ donation. However, there have been many people did not yet accept it, where in particular religious concerns was an important reason why Muslim societies decline listing to donate organ.

Conclusions : There is need for more proactive role of cleric, government and civil society in strengthening the national organ procurement and liver transplantation to maximize public positive belief.